![]() ![]() If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. Government works Version Date: 2011926 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-5647-5 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software.ĬRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. Kersting New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New MexicoĬRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Content: Introduction to Distribution Systems Distribution System Distribution Substations Radial Feeders Distribution Feeder Map Distribution Feeder Electrical Characteristics Nature of Loads Definitions Individual Customer Load Distribution Transformer Loading Feeder Load Approximate Method of Analysis Voltage Drop Line Impedance "K" Factors Uniformly Distributed Loads Lumping Loads in Geometric Configurations Series Impedance of Overhead and Underground Lines Series Impedance of Overhead Lines Series Impedance of Underground Lines Windmil Assignment Shunt Admittance of Overhead and Underground Lines General Voltage Drop Equation Overhead Lines Concentric Neutral Cable Underground Lines Tape-Shielded Cable Underground Lines Sequence Admittance Shunt Admittance of Parallel Underground Lines Windmil Assignment Distribution System Line Models Exact Line Segment Model Modified Line Model Approximate Line Segment Model Modified "Ladder" Iterative Technique General Matrices for Parallel Lines Windmil Assignment Voltage Regulation Standard Voltage Ratings Two-Winding Transformer Theory Two-Winding Autotransformer Step-Voltage Regulators Windmil Assignment Three-Phase Transformer Models Introduction Generalized Matrices Delta-Grounded Wye Step-Down Connection Delta-Grounded Wye Step-Up Connection Ungrounded Wye-Delta Step-Down Connection Ungrounded Wye-Delta Step-Up Connection Grounded Wye-Delta Step-Down Connection Open Wye-Open Delta Grounded Wye-Grounded Wye Connection Delta-Delta Connection Open Delta-Open Delta Thevenin Equivalent Circuit Windmil Assignment Load Models Wye-Connected Loads Delta-Connected Loads Two-Phase and Single-Phase Loads Shunt Capacitors Three-Phase Induction Machine Windmil Assignment Distribution Feeder Analysis Power-Flow Analysis Short-Circuit Studies Windmil Assignment Center-Tapped Transformers and Secondaries Center-Tapped Single-Phase Transformer Model Ungrounded Wye-Delta Transformer Bank with a Center-Tapped Transformer Leading Open Wye-Open Delta Transformer Connection Lagging Open Wye-Open Delta Connection Four-Wire Secondary Putting It All Together Windmil Assignment Appendix A: Conductor Data Appendix B: Underground Cable Data Citation previewĭistribution System Modeling and Analysisĭistribution Distribution System Syste Modeling Modeling and Analysis and Analĭistribution System Modeling and Analysis William H.
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![]() So if you want to pick one on your own, you can also do that.ĭownload the new macOS 10.15 wallpaper in light, dark, and dynamic versions here. We’ve also uploaded both of the individual light and dark wallpapers, as well. Now, when you switch your Mac between the built-in light and dark themes, the wallpaper will automatically change. Then, create a new folder in Finder, and drag that folder to the sidebar of the “Desktop & Screensaver” option in System Preferences. To have this wallpaper appear as a “Dynamic Desktop” option in System Preferences, download the. You can also get the full 6K resolution wallpaper and Dynamic Desktop. This is the original file, extracted directly from macOS 10.15 by a user on Reddit. You’ll notice there are two versions of the wallpaper image of Catalina Island, one lighter and one darker, each to match the Light mode and Dark Mode on Mac. MacOS 10.15 Catalina is named after Santa Catalina Island in southern California and Apple’s new wallpaper is a gorgeous shot of that location. The macOS 10.15 preview on Apple’s website, however, shows the new wallpaper as being fully dynamic – so expect that to come with a future beta release of the operating system. It’s not currently a fully dynamic wallpaper, but it does adhere to your Mac’s Dark Mode or Light Mode setting. MacOS 10.15 includes one new wallpaper, but it’s available in light and dark themes. macOS 10.15 Catalina also includes a new wallpaper, and you can download it below. Yesterday afternoon we rounded up all of the new wallpapers in iOS 13, which includes a total of eight new images. To accommodate the dual LED flash and camera - 8 megapixels with 720p video capture - there's a sculpted quarter-inch bulge behind the earpiece. There's 8GB of storage on board, and the phone comes with a 16GB microSD card. The power switch is at the top the bottom is clean. The left edge has a mini-USB jack and a mini-HDMI jack. Volume controls are on the right edge at the top, camera shutter below. The speaker is above the glass and the small menu, home, back and search buttons are below, above the mic pinhole. The display is a WVGA 480 x 854-pixel screen. is glass, and the glass covers the entire width, most of which is display, except for about a quarter inch of casing on either side. If you're used to iPhones, you will notice the larger size especially the width. It's big 5 inch long, 2.6 inch wide and 0.4 inch thick, roughly a quarter inch wider and half an inch longer than an iPhone. It comes with a 1GHz processor and 512MB of memory. Verizon, Motorola and Google introduced the Droid X smartphone the day before Apple's iPhone 4 shipped. The user interface looks eerily reminiscent of the iPhone’s grid-like structure, with the added benefit of being able to add in larger widgets. One of Android’s appeals to carriers is that its extremely customisable, which is probably why the Galaxy S looks so different to the last 2.1 phone I looked at, the HTC Desire. It’ll charge fully in a few hours as well, which is useful for power users. The battery life is pretty good, with heavy use of email, twitter, internet and music playback, it manages to get through a full day. Like many touchscreen phones, taking photos using the 5MP camera is a bit awkward, although the results are pretty impressive if your subject is still and well lit. The Super AMOLED touchscreen is responsive enough. There aren’t a lot of buttons on the phone either – a discreet power button on the side, volume rocker on the other side, a home button on the front plus two touch sensitive buttons – one for the menu and one to go back. The phone has a slight reverse chin design which looks a little weird side on but you can’t actually feel anything when you’re holding it. ![]() ![]() The 4-inch Super AMOLED screen is stunning to look at, both switched on or switched off. The Samsung Galaxy S is one of the new breed of super powerful Android handsets with 1GHz processor and pre-loaded with the 2.1 version of Android. You can download the Mobile VOIP application from respective URLs as below: (or you can register for SMS with Download Link) Smartvoip, Nonoh, poivy, 12voip, voipcheap, DialNow, powervoip, JustVoip, voipgain, voipbuster, voipwise, webcalldirect: If you are using any of the below VOIP Products. MobileVOIP uses Wifi, 3G, GPRS, EDGE or UMTS - you can select which method when starting the application.Ĭurrently Mobile VOIP will be supported in smart phones like Apple i-phone, BlackBerry, Nokia, Samsung and Windows Mobile. (i.e you can cut down your connection charges as well). If you are calling your free destinations, it is absolutely free. i.e) You can make VOIP calls without using Mobile phone minutes. You can dial national calls as well, if the VOIP call cost are lesser than your mobile provider cost. With the new Mobile VOIP application from Betamax, You can dial worldwide from your mobile with much cheaper cost. Instead, new frequencies are created, called sidebands. If the modulation signal is an audio signal, the changes in level become too rapid to be discernable. If the modulation signal is evolving slowly, the changes in level can be heard as if turning a volume control. They are based on amplitude modulation, which can create a wide range of effects depending on the specific implementation and the used modulation source.Īmplitude modulation changes the level of a carrier signal according to the contour of a modulation signal. Ring modulators and frequency shifters are used to distort sound by warping the harmonic content of signals. On that note, if you’re interested, get it now it’s embarrassing how many deals I write about then miss!įreak is available in AU, VST, and AAX formats for macOS and Windows.About Ring Modulator and Frequency Shifter Effects I’m not the biggest NI fan, but I take everything on its own merit, and Freak is cool-sounding, simple, and FREE (for now). I can imagine working on a project where I need the old, slightly-off radio sound, and I wouldn’t need to mess around with other plugins. Apart from messing around with robotic or horror-style vocals, I love plugins that save me time. The Carrier knob changes the center frequency, which you can see adjust on the GUI, much like an old radio dial.Īs gimmicky as it will seem to some users, I like Radio Mode. ![]() With Tuning, there are two types of demodulation, Vintage Radio (default) and FM-like multiplication (more extreme) style. Width controls the bandwidth of the bandpass filter. In Radio Mode, the unique controls are Width, Tuning, and Carrier. It gives you a quick and easy way to create gating effects that can be as rough or smooth as you like. The controls for Sidechain Mode are Release, Contour, and BP Frequency. Sidechain Mode allows you to use external sources to modulate the audio input signal. The Frequency knob has a clever little zoom switch that lets you switch the range between +/- 5 kHz and +/- 200 Hz. ![]() Stereo adds more space and width, while Antifold reduces artifacts in the lower frequency range, producing a thinner sound. In Oscillator (Sine) Mode, you have Stereo, Frequency, and Antifold. The controls down the left side change depending on the effect mode selected. Increasing the Feedback can lead to distortion, phasing, and general instability. Increasing the Harmonics knob introduces more even harmonics, producing a harsher tone. On the right, you’ll find Mix (Dry/Wet), Harmonics, and Feedback. There are three control knobs down the right side of the GUI and three down the left. The Modulation Type knob allows you to glide smoothly between Amp and Ring Modulation, or Frequency Shifting. Going off track for a second, when I hear phrases like Sonic Mutation, it makes me think of plugins like HomeCorrupter (Igorski) that we covered earlier in the year.Īt first sight, I like the layout of the GUI, and I like the in-your-face color/style.įreak has three core effect modes, which you can find right in the middle of the interface: Radio, Oscillator, and Sidechain.ĭirectly under the mode selection area, you’ll find the Modulation Type knob, which is shared by all three effect modes. Your purchase can’t be a FREE product, and you can’t pay 100% with a voucher or virtual cash (anything under 100% is fine).įreak delivers what Native Instrument calls Sonic Mutation, and it does it with very little fuss. The giveaway will be available throughout September and comes with the usual guidelines. ![]() ![]() Plugin Boutique is giving away Freak ($29 value) from Native Instruments with every purchase this month. ![]() After receiving certificates in these fields and a 10 year stint at a catering company, Brigid pursued her love of baking and created Cookieyum. CookieyumĪfter briefly studying psychology in graduate school, Brigid Novak decided to switch gears and follow her passion for food and hospitality. In the future she’d love to open a bakery, but for now, you can taste her homemade cupcakes and macaroons (all made from scratch!) at the Evanston, Skokie, and Ravenswood Farmers Markets. Nena began baking for neighborhood picnics and family parties, gaining more and more confidence with each dessert she made. In 2018, she founded Nena’s Cupcakes as a hobby, which quickly turned into a small business. Nena was born and raised in Serbia and Montenegro, and learned to bake when she was little from her grandma and mom. Their baklava can also be found at all the Sunset Foods locations and the Dill Pickle Co-Op (in Logan Square). You can try some of their delicious baklava at the Evanston Farmers Market on Saturdays through November 6 or the Logan Square Farmers Market biweekly on Sundays through October 24. Her business Sheekar Delights is known for its Seasonal Tastes: for July and August they’ll feature their Sour Cherry and Peach baklava. Throughout her journey, Diane has channeled her ongoing passion for sharing this important piece from her childhood. Diane continued to bake baklava with her Mom while growing up, and eventually, asked her parents for their blessing in starting her very own business. Growing up, Diane Joseph watched her mom excel in the kitchen-particularly through the renowned success of her baklava. Each vendor has its own empowering backstory, and we had the privilege of profiling five different dessert vendors who can be found at farmers markets throughout Chicago and the North Shore. “I am just excited to see how the students succeed or learn from their failures through Market Day - and also enjoy the good food.Want to sweeten up your summer while doing something sweet? Support small businesses by attending your local farmers market. “Another benefit for the students, which usually draws a lot of excitement from them, is that after paying back their loans, they get to keep the rest of their profits from their business,” Zamarripa said. They also reviewed their finances before the new Market Day date. After returning from winter break, the students had to recreate some of the advertising with updated information. Market Day originally was scheduled for November but was delayed by a snow day. "We asked how much they’d be willing to pay and if the weather would affect what they would buy.” They chose desserts because of less competition with the other tables, which sold primarily main course items. Tra’niyah Garland and Isai Sanchez sold popsicles, ice cream cones and candy at their table. Finally, they combined their market research with their own skills to make and sell the products. They conducted research, such as surveying current students to see what they would buy and talking to past YE students about what foods sold better on Market Days than others. The YE students started working on their projects in September. Others offered snacks and homemade treats. ![]() One table served street tacos and cheesecake, while another offered queso and lemonade. Some of the groups got denied on their first pitch and had to go back and add additional information and research like you would have to if you were trying to get a loan for an actual business.”Ĭlassmates and school staff filed into the gym and lined up to make purchases. "After doing all of this, they put together a pitch to request funding for their loan. ![]() Visit our Port Coquitlam facility to discover a storage solution that’s just right for you! Do You Need a Heated Facility? With regular monthly rates starting at $120 for small units, $210 for medium units, and $519 for large units, depending on where you rent in the city, there is an assortment of price points to suit your self-storage budget. Our Public Storage units come in a variety of sizes to meet all of your storage needs. Special features like climate control and drive-up access also affect self-storage unit cost. A unit situated at a facility on the outskirts of town is likely to cost less than in the downtown core. For example, a larger storage unit will cost more than a smaller one. The cost of your storage solution is based on storage unit square footage, location, and features. Conveniently within minutes of the Vancouver core.All five locations are in close proximity to major highways (Fraser Highway, Highways 10 and 15).Moving is made easy with our selection of packing and moving supplies, featuring our complete range of moving products and specialty items.Units with drive-up access are available for quick and efficient loading.Heated storage solutions at our Cloverdale (17555 64th Avenue) and Newton (12529 80th Avenue) facilities protect your belongings from the elements.Take a look at some key features of our Surrey locations: Being conveniently located near to both Vancouver’s urban core and within easy access to the US border, Public Storage Surrey is ideal for personal or business storage. Our facilities are situated in Surrey’s important commercial and residential centres. We have five premier storage facilities across the city, so no matter which part of Surrey you call home, there’s a Public Storage facility that’s close by. # 29362 BoR: Amar Goli- Lic.Whether you need a little bit of storage or a lot, Public Storage Surrey has everything you need to keep your items safe and secure. In Cooperation With: Sands Investment Group North Carolina, LLC – Lic. Nearby Tenants Include: Walmart Neighborhood Market, Pizza Hut, Subway, O’Reilly Auto Parts, AutoZone Auto Parts and Many More.Close Proximity to Local Industrial/Commercial Park Offers Opportunity For Storage.Healthy Population and Average Household Income Within a 3-Mile Radius.Located in a High Job Growth Market of Newton, NC (8.11% 1-Year Growth).Property is Strategically Located Along North Carolina Hwy 16 (12,685 VPD) Just a 50 Minute Drive From Downtown Charlotte.Expansion Room Available to Construct an Additional 25,000 Gross SF of Climate Control Units.Opportunity to Increase Revenue By Raising Rents Up to Market, Implementing Merchandise and Tenant Insurance Sales and Charging Late/Admin Fees.Below Market Rents Can Be Increased Throughout the Lease-Up Process to Maximize Revenue.Brand New Facility in Growing Outer Suburb of Charlotte MSA that is Experiencing a Rapid Lease-Up.Additional Value-Add Opportunities Include Raising Rents Up to Market, and the Implementation of Merchandise Sales, Tenant Insurance Sales, and Admin/Late Fees. There is Room For an Additional 25,000 SF to be Built On-Site, For Which Infrastructure is Already in Place. This Self Storage Asset Had Two New Buildings Come Online Within the Last 3 Months That Have Seen a Rapid Lease-Up. This Brand-New Facility Was Built in 2019 & 2021 and Features 254 Units Totalling 51,800 NRSF, as Well as 27 Outdoor Parking Spaces. ![]() Mini Storage Industrial Storage Asset Located at 9595 NC-16 South in Newton, North Carolina. Sands Investment Group is Pleased to Present Exclusively For Sale M.I. Lease Expiration: Lease Type: Rental Increases: Kim Couture is bad at MMA but that ref is worse.Heath Herring isn't homophobic, but dudes shouldn't kiss him either.Projectile vomit is not an appropriate celebration.Sometimes, fighter's think they have a great idea or a great strategy and it completely backfires. Today, we're showing the darker side of the sport. With The Knock Outs and The Submissions we should you some the beautiful finishing moments mixed martial arts can produce. Comfort and reassure your child to help them calm down once their stomach settles.After a week's hiatus, Zombie Prophet and I return with a completely different side of MMA. Through it all, keep tabs on your child's health and well-being. And when it happens a lot, it's a cause for concern. Remember that projectile vomiting is not "normal" vomiting. Your child will need to be treated for dehydration if they experience those symptoms. These signs may mean your child needs quick medical attention: Unless your child or baby has an underlying condition that you know causes projectile vomiting, you will likely want to see your doctor when it occurs. This is a powder you can add to your baby’s bottle that has sugar and salts in it. You can also ask your doctor if you should give your baby an oral rehydration solution. You can keep breastfeeding or giving formula as needed. However, getting enough fluids is still most important. Ī young baby who is projectile vomiting may need slightly different treatment. Your doctor will prescribe the right medication, if necessary. See treatment from your doctor when your child suffers from projectile vomiting that doesn't seem to slow down. These medications can cause other side effects that aren’t good. Over-the-counter medicine is not recommended to stop the vomiting. You can also give them chicken noodle soup, with a clear broth, because this puts more fluid in their body. You can also offer clear, pulp-free drinks, including sports drinks, but not sodas or thick fruit juices. Have them drink a little something every quarter-hour or so. If your child is over the age of two, you’ll need to make sure they are getting plenty of water and electrolytes, minerals their bodies need to work right. The best treatment for projectile vomiting is to feed your child plenty of clear fluids. When pyloric stenosis is present, risks are: The quick loss of fluids is tough on a child’s body. It can also bring about infections and affect the kidneys and the brain. You never want a baby or child - or anyone else in your care - to go through dehydration. If your baby or child has projectile vomiting that goes on for days, either due to pyloric stenosis or something else, they're in need of medical attention. Their appendix will most likely need to be removed. This condition requires immediate attention. If your child has intense stomach pain and is projectile vomiting, their appendix may be swollen and close to bursting. Your child will also have a high fever and be fussy. ![]() Projectile vomiting is a severe symptom of these conditions. Besides gastroenteritis, other infections that can cause projectile vomiting are ear infections, pneumonia, or meningitis. Try to keep an eye on what your child ate before the vomiting began. ![]() You should seek immediate medical attention for this reaction. It will be accompanied by raised, red, itchy skin, and swelling in the face, eyes, mouth, or tongue. In some cases, your child may have a food allergy that causes excessive vomiting. Other Causes of Projectile Vomitingįood allergy. You may call this infection of your child’s stomach a "stomach flu" or a "bug." It can cause frequent vomiting that lasts a few days. ![]() Dehydration: an unhealthy loss of body fluid. ![]() If pyloric stenosis is the cause, the child may also show these symptoms: If your baby is projectile vomiting after feeding, you should see your pediatrician immediately. It happens because the opening at the lower end of the stomach, the pylorus, is too narrow for food or milk to pass through to the small intestine. You will see a baby with this condition start projectile vomiting at three to five weeks of age. Pyloric stenosis is a rare condition that affects about three in every 1,000 babies in the U.S. One such problem in younger babies is pyloric stenosis. Projectile Vomiting and Digestion IssuesĪ child who vomits way too much and with a lot of force may have a problem in their stomach or intestines. This article will outline reasons why your baby or child could be throwing up so much and help you learn what to do about it. Sometimes, a child’s vomit, when "released," can go flying across a room. This is because projectile vomiting is not just throwing up. You can't help but worry when your child starts projectile vomiting. ![]() While the above allows for the creation of Shard heroes in custom Droid Shells, many players may wish to instead put their Shard character into the shell of an existing Droid Model from Star Wars lore. Homebrew Reference Book: Clone Wars Saga Edition Fan Sourcebook - Force Users If you wish to review this content yourself, then see Untested for more details. Homebrew Using Shards in an Existing Droid Model This Homebrew Content has not been reviewed in a meaningful manner. ![]() Shards can communicate with other creatures only when connected to a computer or a Vocabulator. Automatic Languages: All Shards can speak, read, and write both Basic and Binary.Shards can have the following Droid Systems, with a Cost Modifier of x1: Shards can make use of Droid systems and accessories, subject to some limitations.Shards are considered cybernetic creatures for the purposes of Ion Damage.They do not benefit from Natural Healing, unless they have the Force Repair Talent. They can regain Hit Points only through the Repair Droid application of the Mechanics skill. Shards are immune to Poison, Radiation, noncorrosive Atmospheric Hazards, and Vacuum.Shards must undergo Maintenance, as per a Droid.In this form, they gain the following traits: Droid Shell: Shards must inhabit Droid Bodies to travel and function in the galaxy at large.Bonus Trained Skill: Shards gain Use Computer as a bonus Trained Skill, regardless of their Class.Speed: Shards have a base speed of 6 squares.Medium Size: As Medium creatures, Shards have no special bonuses or penalties due to their size.A Shard retains its Constitution score, even when inside a Droid Body. ![]() Shards have powerful minds, but must rely on somewhat clumsy Droid Bodies.
![]() ![]() It’s exhaled in low amounts with every breath. Nitriles aren’t as toxic because they don’t easily release the carbon-nitrogen ion, which is what acts as a poison in the body.Ĭyanide is even a byproduct of metabolism in the human body. ![]() You can also find cyanide in certain nitrile compounds used in medications like citalopram (Celexa) and cimetidine (Tagamet). Cyanide can refer to any chemical that contains a carbon-nitrogen (CN) bond, and it can be found in some surprising places.įor example, it’s found in many safe-to-eat plant foods, including almonds, lima beans, soy, and spinach. The grand antidote is "the full knowledge of our Lord and Saviour," through which we know God the Father, partake of His nature, escape from the pollutions of the world, and have entrance into Christ's kingdom.Cyanide is one of the most famous poisons - from spy novels to murder mysteries, it’s developed a reputation for causing an almost immediate death.īut in real life, cyanide is a little more complicated. It was awful not being able to help, but as you say the only antidote is love.Įvery popup ad pushing American flags or e-mail spam offering an anthrax antidote is another piece of the picture. Having already reached the birthday where you wake up suddenly looking your age, I can tell you the only antidote is another glass of champagne. The 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Presentation Speechīut it gets worse when his antidote is to vote for the explicitly anti-trade Obama!? Our foremost antidote is and has been – knowledge. In this sense, it could be called the antidote to terrorism. It describes his own winter walk in heavy snow and his encounter with a small bird, whose example provided him with what he called the antidote of fear. noun a remedy that stops or controls the effects of a poison.verb transitive To counteract as an antidote.įrom WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University.noun Something that counteracts or prevents something harmful.noun A remedy to counteract the effects of poison (often followed by "against," "for," or "to").noun Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.įrom Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.noun A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach - used with against, for, or to.transitive verb To fortify or preserve by an antidote.transitive verb To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote.noun Synonyms Remedy, cure, counteractive, corrective.įrom the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English.noun Whatever prevents or tends to prevent or counteract injurious influences or effects, whether physical or mental a counteracting power or influence of any kind.noun A medicine adapted to counteract the effects of poison or an attack of disease.To furnish with preservatives preserve by antidotes serve as an antidote to counteract.transitive verb To relieve or counteract with an antidote.noun An agent that relieves or counteracts.noun A remedy or other agent used to neutralize or counteract the effects of a poison.From The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition. ![]() When the radius is extended further away from the lake and closer to Kenya, lions, ostriches, gazelles, zebras, and buffalo can all be found in these unexpectedly fertile surroundings. Volcanic carbonate ash also creates lush pastures, which are ideal mating grounds for wildebeests during their journey. Predators are kept away from the newborn flamingo chicks that hatch on the lake’s salt islands because of the severe pH levels. Lake Natron, for example, is home to between 65 and 75 percent of the world’s population of lesser flamingos, and the lake’s alkalinity aids in this process. In fact, the lake and its environs are brimming with life: Lake Natron, on the other hand, isn’t a bleak pit of death and sorrow. This volcanic by-product is high in sodium and potassium carbonate, which seeps into the lake and affects the pH. Ol Doinyo Lengai, a nearby volcano and the only active generator of nitro-carbonatite lava, feeds this mineral deposit into the lake. Because of the high levels of sodium carbonate in the lake, the poor critters appeared to have “turned to stone” in the highly caustic waters of Tanzania’s Lake Natron. You may recall the haunting black-and-white photos of calcified birds that went viral a few years ago. Lake Natron -The Bird-Calcifying Lake That’s Actually Teeming With Life. The surrounding bedrock is composed of alkaline, sodium-dominated trachyte lavas that were laid down during the Pleistocene period….Who would have known about these Stange and Unique places around the world? Let’s have a look at some of them.ġ. The alkalinity of the lake can reach a pH of greater than 12. The water is oversaturated with salt, can reach temperatures of 140 degrees and has a pH between 9 and 10.5-so corrosive that it can calcify those remains, strip ink off printed materials and burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals.ĭoes Natron lake turn animals into stone? How hot is the water that flamingos stand in? The alkali salt crust on the surface of the lake is also often colored red or pink by the salt-loving microorganisms that live there. The red accessory photosynthesizing pigment in the cyanobacteria produces the deep reds of the open water of the lake and the orange colors of the shallow parts of the lake. Scientists disagree on the source of the deadly gas within Lake Nyos. On the night of 21 August 1986, between 1,600 and 1,800 people and countless animals were killed by a large natural release of carbon dioxide gas. The lake responsible for the most deaths without drowning is Lake Nyos in Cameroon, Central Africa. This raises the lake’s alkalinity to far above water’s normal neutral pH of 7. The caustic lake has another strange quality: it appears to turn animals to stone. The lake is within the Lake Natron Basin, a Ramsar Site wetland of international significance.ĭoes natron lake turn animals into stone?īright-red Lake Natron in Tanzania may not look inviting enough to take a dip – and that’s a good thing: its water is extremely alkaline. It is in the Gregory Rift, which is the eastern branch of the East African Rift. Lake Natron is a salt or alkaline lake located in north Ngorongoro District of Arusha Region in Tanzania. Unlike those other lakes, though, Lake Natron is extremely alkaline, due to high amounts of the chemical natron (a mix of sodium carbonate and baking soda) in the water. The ghastly Lake Natron, in northern Tanzania, is a salt lake-meaning that water flows in, but doesn’t flow out, so it can only escape by evaporation. The lake’s hypersaline water can strip away human skin, and breeds algae toxic to many forms of animal life, but the bird flourishes in these conditions thanks to its incredibly adapted body. Visit Lake Natron in Tanzania and you’ll find 75% of the world’s 3.2 million lesser flamingos. Because Lake Natron is brimming with alkaline water, it offers the perfect environment for this bacteria to thrive. Lesser flamingos primarily feed on a cyanobacteria known as spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis), which grows in bodies of water with high alkalinity levels. |
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